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Oscar H. Banker (born Asatour Sarafian; 1895 – January 1979) was an Armenian American inventor who patented a number of works, including the automatic transmission for automobiles, the needleless inoculation gun, the primary controls of the first Sikorsky helicopter, and power steering. He is considered the "father of automatic transmission."〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://armenianarts.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Armenian-Arts-January-2012.pdf )〕 He is accredited as the inventor of automatic transmission.〔〔 ==Life and career== Oscar Banker was born Asatour Sarafian in the Ottoman Empire in 1895 to an Armenian family. His family survived the Hamidian Massacres of the 1890s. Sarafian, who was an infant at the time, became sick and was not expected to live due to the lack of caregiving by his mother who became traumatized from the massacres.〔 His father saved the child's life by using a goat's udder as a feeding bottle in order to feed him grape juice.〔 This technique ultimately brought Asatour back to full health.〔 Asatour left the Ottoman Empire as a teenager and settled in Chicago.〔 On his arrival in Ellis Island, Asatour Sarafian took up the name Oscar Banker and began working for a shop that specialized in machinery.〔 While working at the machine shop, Banker invented a saw-filing machine.〔 After his first invention, Banker dedicated his life to inventing. When General Motors incorporated the semi-automatic transmission system, the mechanism had many flaws. Oscar Banker proposed an automatic transmission system for the company that would be more safe and durable.〔 After battling for eight years with automobile engineering companies, Banker's proposition was accepted and his automatic transmission was adopted by General Motors.〔 Eventually, Banker came to be known as “the man who made (advocate ) Ralph Nader.”〔 He was also mentioned in Ralph Nader's book ''Unsafe at Any Speed''. Banker was also noted for his contribution to aviation mechanics. He invented the primary control of the first Sikorsky helicopter.〔 The invention eventually led to the mass production of helicopters during World War II.〔 Banker invented a pneumatic inoculation gun. Banker's wife heard on the television that military surgeon Dr. Robert Hingson suggested such a mechanism, and she told her husband. Banker ultimately patented the gun in 1968. The gun was accepted by the Med-E-Jet company in Cleveland, Ohio.〔 It had the ability to administer 2,000 shots an hour.〔 The gun was used throughout the world. When Grenada suffered an epidemic, Med-E-Jet issued many of Banker's pneumatic inoculation guns. On August 2, 1979, Grenada issued a postage stamp to commemorate his achievement.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cilicia.com/armo_stamps_worldwide.html )〕 Bob Hull has published Oscar H. Banker's memoirs titled ''Dreams and Wars of an American Inventor: An Immigrant's Romance'' in 1983. In his memoirs Banker writes: “America is yet the greatest county existing for opportunity, for achievement and if a person can endure the hardships, ridicule, rebuffs, whatever and keep on going! That is what counts. And absolutely nothing else.” Oscar Banker had a son named Oscar Banker, Jr.〔 Oscar Banker died in Cleveland, Ohio in 1979 at the age of 83.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oscar H. Banker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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